what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil

Moisture content. However, these techniques are very complex and time-consuming. After the deformation stabilized, the samples were flooded with distilled water from the bottom porous stone. T/F A poured concrete wall is stronger than a block wall of the same dimension. 1, pp. The initial moisture content and dry density were the two main influencing factors to the swelling coefficient in the third phase on the basis of Tables 1 and 2. Bharat et al. swelling pressure of concrete is _____psi? 2.Rot or insect damage T. V. Bharat, P. V. Sivapullaiah, and M. M. Allam, Novel procedure for the estimation of swelling pressures of compacted bentonites based on diffuse double layer theory, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. The total increase in the swelling strain was less than 34% with the changes of dry density. shall be taken till equilibrium is reached. The data were collected in the laboratory using a newly developed device and experimental setup also. representative specimens from the soil trimming shall be taken in moisture Mount this assembly on the loading frame such that load applied When water is introduced to expansive soils, the water molecules are pulled into gaps between the soil plates. Preparation of Specimen from Undisturbed Soil Samples: Clean Screw the holder with the dial gauge to record the progressive And Table 2 displays the swelling coefficients for different dry densities under the same initial water content. Figure 12 displays that expansive strain decreased sharply as the axial pressure increased from 0kPa to 25kPa, while it tended to decrease slowly as the vertical pressure increased from 25kPa to 100kPa. Annual Book of ASTM Standards C578, 04.06, 6, Attoh-Okine NO (1998) Artificial intelligence and mathematical methods in pavement and geomechanical systems. Note down the initial reading of the proving ring. Greater swelling potential can be observed in expansive soils with plate-like structures that are oriented parallel to each other and perpendicular to the swelling direction. [24], and Dafalla [25] considered expansive stress decreased monotonically with a rise in the moisture content. The related parameters were calculated and are listed in Table 4. mm of swell or earlier. 653658, 2014. What is swell pressure test of soil and its laboratory procedure? A pilaster is a thickening of a foundation wall to accommodate the concentrated load of a beam or column. When the vertical stress was 100kPa, the swelling strain was less than zero while dry densities were 0.14kN/m3 and 0.15kN/m3. As a consequence, the expansion strain energy increased due to the restriction of space during the wetting process. [24], and Dafalla [25] considered that expansive stress decreased while moisture content was increased. Wang et al. T/F Shrinkage cracks patterns are not usually random. Nayak and Christensen [23], imen et al. 11, no. DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2021.106018 Corpus ID: 233680978; Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range @article{Liang2021SwellingPO, title={Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range}, author={Weimin Liang and Rongtao Yan and Yongfu Xu and Qin Zhang and Huihui Tian and Changfu Wei}, journal={Applied Clay Science}, year={2021}, volume={203 . S. S. Agus, Y. F. Arifin, S. Tripathy, and T. Schanz, Swelling pressuresuction relationship of heavily compacted bentonitesand mixtures, Acta Geotechnica, vol. smooth and flush with the top and bottom of the ring. swelling pressure of expansive soil is _____psi? A device to hold the sample in a ring either fixed or floating with porous stones on each face Thomas Telford, UK, Dawson WC, Wilby R (1998) An artificial neural network approach to rainfall-runoff modeling. RS, 10 gms of soil sample was used. The test would be ended as the difference between the two readings was less than 0.01mm. T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. Expansion characteristics of bentonites usually lead to significant destruction to infrastructures such as highways, mountain tunnels, and above-ground buildings. Table 1 shows the swelling coefficients for different initial water contents under the same dry density. Swelling strains remained approximately constant when the moisture content changed under different vertical stresses, which were 25, 50, and 100kPa. The increase in the volume fills the interparticle voids in the sample under confined conditions. In fact, the volume of the expansive soil increases because the water adsorbs into the interlayers of montmorillonite. A low depression used in the soil for drainage. [12] explained the anisotropic of the bentonite-sand mixture through microstructure images. Samples of suitable sizes are cut Lifting of an EDGE of foundations is due to: T/F Differential settlement occurs when one part of the house settles and the rest does not. Relation between the swelling strain and vertical stress for different initial water contents. These soils are fine-grained clay minerals comprised of illites, kaolinites, or montmorillonites. Can Geotech J 32:10591064, Hagan MT, Menhaj M (1994) Training feedforward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. The volume change is arrested or the soil is not allowed to swell in order to test this. T/F If a wall is directly or almost directly above the wall, it's NOT probably a bearing wall. [20] observed that the swelling pressure and dry density are positive correlation. Expansive stress was determined from loading, which was used to preserve the original shape of sample. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University, USA, Joshi RP, Katti RK (1980) Lateral pressure development under surcharges. In: Oliveira R, Rodrigues LF, Coelho AG, Cunha AP (eds) Proceedings of the 7th international congress on international association engineering geology, Lisbon. When the pore is filled with water, water cannot be compressed under an applied load, showing that the compressibility of the soil decreases. Simplify the difference quotients f(x+h)f(x)h\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}hf(x+h)f(x) and f(x)f(a)xa\frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}xaf(x)f(a) for the following function. S. Banu Ikizler. as the loading systems the tare weight with the empty consolidation apparatus, Increase in moisture content . endobj Please enter your email address. 1. The peak values of expansive strains were obtained for different initial water contents while dry density was 0.16kN/m3. - 31.200.243.116. Coefficients of primary swelling and secondary swelling for an initial moisture content of 15.8%. Irrespective of the presence or absence of drains, the density effect on rate of secondary swelling and consolidation behavior of swollen sample was found to be almost the same for all testing conditions used in this study. Expansive stress clearly rose with dry density based on Figure 17. readings attain a steady state for each load applied over the specimen. pressure exerted by the soil specimen under zero swelling condition shall be Generally, the swelling pressure from a constant volume test was greater than the result from a swell under load test. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, pp 2632, MATH Relation of expansive deformation and dry density without a vertical load. Some of the observed results were different from the previously published results; a combination of microstructure and expansion strain energy was used to discuss these results. For the same moisture content and dry density, the swelling strain reduced significantly when the axial pressure rose from 0kPa to 25kPa; the swelling strain decreased slightly as the vertical stress increased from 25kPa to 100kPa. Google Scholar, Horvath JS (1997) The compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam. in such a way to record the vertical expansion of the specimen. The coefficient of correlation was 0.99 for the dry density of 0.16kN/m3, suggesting a good fit between expansive stress and moisture content using the Gaussian distribution. 590600, 2003. Differential settling In Figure 16, swelling pressure tests can be described into three distinct phases. 15351546, 2012. 1 0 obj In this experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect . Cui, A. M. Tang, and P. Delage, Microstructure and anisotropic swelling behaviour of compacted bentonite/sand mixture, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. Y. The load was applied by increasing the amount of sand, allowing an accurate measurement of the swelling pressure. Neurocomputing 13:313346, Data Collection will Clarify Clayboard Doubts (1991) In ground engineering. The threshold value of moisture content for maximum soil compressibility was 15.8%. F - There are usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks. Beams carry loads from four structural areas: List four types of engineered materials used for beams: Laminated (glulams) S. Saba, J.-D. Barnichon, Y.-J. Adv Eng Softw 41(4):647655, Jang JSR (1993) ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. 3. The influences of pore water solution concentration on the swelling properties of expansive soils were studied using the constant volume swelling pressure experiments and swelling ratio experiments under load.The results indicate that the swelling pressures decrease with the increase of solution concentration.Two specimens made by the same solutions concentration were immersed into solutions . The room temperature was controlled to keep the moisture content of the sample from changing. There was a consistent law for initial water content of 15.8%, as shown in Figure 14(b). What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards? This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 748759, 2014. What is an implication of improper foundation grading? (2)For increasing initial moisture content, the swelling strain first increased and then decreased without the vertical stress, similar to the relationship of expansive stress and moisture content. (b) Axial pressure of 100kPa. <> The swelling pressure increased linearly at this stage. 133144, 1982. The corresponding values were 254kPa and 86.85kPa when moisture contents were 15.8% and 22.19%. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on expansive soils, Denver, USA, pp 227241, Lee C, Sterling R (1992) Identifying probable failure modes for underground openings using a neural network. As shown in Figure 21, there was a unique relationship of expansive deformation and expansive stress, represented by the following equation:where is the swelling strain. Why do clay soils swell? In this paper, introduced first is a recently developed suction-controlled swelling pressure instrument, which can be used to measure the swelling pressure of expansive soil over a wide suction range. obtained by interpolation and expressed in kN/m2 (kgf/cm2). The objective of a swelling pressure test on soil is to determine the swelling pressure of expansive soil when it is not allowed to undergo any volume change. 83-84, pp. Three types of floor slabs: Inundate the specimen with distilled water and allow it to swell. Therefore, samples collapsed in the course of wetting process. (d) Porous Stones: The stones shall be of silicon carbide or aluminium oxide specimen at constant volume, the platen shall be so adjusted that the dial gauge always Identification of swelling (expansive) soils 2 0 obj 4. NCHRP web document. 3.Gaps between sill and foundation reached over a period of 6 to 7 days in general for all expansive soils. [5]; Adem and Vanapalli [6]; and Lin and Cerato [7]). Final report, report no. 2 Literature Review. While the dry density was the minimum value, expansive strain increased from 8.95% to 10.667% and then decreased to 7.35% when the initial water content increased from 10.10% to 22.19%. 4, pp. The initial moisture contents of the specimen were 10.10, 12.85, 15.8, 18.3, and 22.19%. The swelling coefficients in the last two phases could be used to describe the swelling time history, enabling the prediction of swelling percent. Therefore, the samples were more likely to be compressed with a smaller dry density. However, the thickness These results could be explained by the change in the microstructure with diverse moisture contents. Is the function of joists to transfer live loads to beams/walls and dead loads to the foundation? Sobre Kol ; Obtenga ms informacin sobre nuestra tecnologa y cmo ms y ms universidades, organizaciones de investigacin y empresas en todas las industrias estn utilizando nuestros datos para reducir sus costos. T. Schanz, M. I. Khan, and Y. Al-Badran, An alternative approach for the use of DDL theory to estimate the swelling pressure of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, vol. However, the relationship observed here between expansive stress and initial water content differs from that described by others. 30, no. List five structural components of floors outlined in this chapter. 72, no. Registered in England & Wales No. vertical heave of the specimen under no load. assembly and extract the soil specimen from the consolidation ring How should steel columns be fastened to steel beams? Relation of expansive deformation and log time. The Swelling tendencies of expansive soils are quantified by the swelling potential and/or free swell. That moisture may leave the foundation wall on the inner side, often driven by the _________ heat. In order to study the influence of water level variation on soil mass, the soil mass in the water level fluctuation zone of the Wildcat landslide was taken as the research object, and the mechanism of soil mass deterioration in this area was . Specimen from Disturbed Soil Sample: Same as for Consolidometer Method. The specimen was put in the oedometer cell, and distilled water entered into the cell from the bottom to remove the air occupying the pore. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br The swelling pressure is dependent S. Kaufhold, W. Baille, T. Schanz, and R. Dohrmann, About differences of swelling pressuredry density relations of compacted bentonites, Applied Clay Science, vol. The general age of the neighborhood is useful information. After the free swelling test, the free swelling strain was 41.17%, which classified this soil as weakly expansive. 7, pp. Expansive stress experiment detected the expansive force in axial direction when the sample was fully saturated. Roughly how far can these common joists span if spaced 16 inches apart? It's created from volcanic ash and is broken down by geologic processes to reach that very tiny particle. Relation of expansive strain and moisture content for diverse axial pressure. The kinematic characteristics of expansive soil are very significant for geotechnical engineering practice. With an increasing dry density, the voids between the soil particles shrink, which results in the increase of the swelling pressure. Expansive soils, also known as soils with high shrink-swell potential, are common in various geographic regions, especially the central portion of North America. 1-2, pp. 1, pp. (1) Dry Density Effect. 4. 20120162110023). Lightweight dwellings, warehouses, garages/sheds, services and pavements are especially vulnerable to damage from swelling soils as these structures are less able to suppress the differential heave of the swelling soil than heavy, multistory structures. Furthermore, it can be found that the relation of expansive stress and dry density was also related to initial water content. fill material and in case the sub-soil is having high swell pressure then suitable In: Proceedings of the workshop at Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, 56. T/F There always structural implications associated with shrinkage cracks? However, the relation between expansive deformation and moisture content in this paper was different from those obtained in other studies. Jayalath et al. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 32:12291245, Article specimen. Relation between the swelling strain and moisture content with dry density of 0.16kN/m. Cut-off the specimen either from The dial gauge readings People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. With an increasing initial moisture content, expansive pressure first increased and then decreased. Compression index was calculated according to the slope of the straight line. The process of swelling deformation was recorded automatically until stabilization. curve so drawn becomes asymptotic with the abscissa, the swelling has reached 111125, 2015. For each predetermined moisture content, distilled water was sprayed to dry clay by a hand spryer. Often horizontal forces will cause horizontal cracks in a foundation wall. The maximum value of expansive deformation was achieved when the initial water content was approximately 15.8% for all three different dry densities. These soils present significant geotechnical and structural challenges to anyone wishing to build on or in them. the nature of the clay mineral, (b) the initial water content and dry Therefore, the compressibility of the soil boosts with moderate moisture contents. Beams should not be _______________ or ______________. [8]. The implication of a missing air/vapor barriers are ___________________ on the cold side of the insulation. That is what we refer to as expansive clay. 3. D. D. Overton, K. C. Chao, and J. D. Nelson, Time rate of heave prediction for expansive soils, in Proceedings of GeoCongress, pp. 7, no. First, the swelling potential increased sharply as the soil came into contact with the water because the swelling potential could not release with the restricted test conditions. The amount of deflection plaster and drywall will tolerate without cracking: Where beams or joists go into pockets in foundation walls, it's common to keep the sides, top and ends of the wood _________ an inch away from the concrete to allow air circulation and keep the wood dry. These results could be explained by the change in the microstructure as the water content increased; this relationship could be described by a Gaussian function. A typical plot of time versus time/swell (%) for different thickness ratios, hc/hs = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 of expansive soil bed with 6% lime stabilized copper slag cushion is shown in figure 4 . However, swelling pressure was 199.95kPa for a dry density of 0.16kN/m3, which was 6.68 and 2.35 times the corresponding values of the dry densities of 0.14kN/m3 and 0.15kN/m3. Relation between the swelling strain and dry density for the moisture content of 10.10%. 1.5 inches and 3 inches. of the porous stone. The swelling pressure quickly increased with a small dry density and increased slightly when the dry density was large. Look for structural problems in other homes in the neighborhood. Tentang Kol ; Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang teknologi kami dan seberapa banyak universitas, organisasi penelitian, dan perusahaan di semua industri menggunakan data kami untuk menurunkan biaya mereka. The minimum swelling pressure of concrete is ____ PSI? The soil specimen so cut shall The test was considered complete once the reading remained constant for at least two hours. There was a positive correlation between expansive deformation and dry density. The water entered into the cell until 5mm higher than the top surface of the sample. Transp Res Rec 1526:1419, Najjar YM, Basheer IA (1998) Modeling of soil swelling via regression and neural network approaches. (a) Initial water content of 10.10%. Shrinkage cracks are usually small, less than _____ inch in width. If a jack with load measurements by platform scales is used They are described in the following equations:where and are the swelling coefficients of the last two phases. As shown in Figure 13(b), the swelling strain first decreased significantly and then decreased slightly to a stable value with an increase in the axial pressure when dry density was 0.16kN/m3. For the swell under load tests, after water absorbing, the direction of friction was opposite to the swelling direction. Expansive deformation experiments were conducted to clear the factors which affected expansive strain. (4)The results of the swelling pressure along the two stress paths were different. Estimated average annual loss in the world, attributed to expansive soil movement is approximately 1, 05,988 millions of rupees, which exceeds the combined average of annual damages from floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and tornados. The swelling pressure increased as the initial moisture content decreased for dry densities greater than 0.125kN/m3. The swelling deformation was detected by a dial gauge, which was located on the loading ram. Expansive soil has been studied for eighty decades because it is prone to cause geotechnical engineering accidents. T/F Steel beams should be shimmed with welded in steel? A cutting-ring was used to encompass the sample to stop the radial deformation. Eighty decades because it is prone to cause geotechnical engineering accidents a small dry based! Period of 6 to 7 days in general for all three different dry densities greater than 0.125kN/m3 increased the... Was controlled to keep the moisture content changed under different vertical stresses, which was located on the side... 0.14Kn/M3 and 0.15kN/m3, allowing an accurate measurement of the bentonite-sand mixture through images. Via your institution the specimen, Article specimen Lateral pressure development under surcharges horizontal forces will horizontal! In width, the samples were more likely to be compressed with a smaller dry density for the content... Setup also time history, enabling the prediction of swelling percent phases could be explained by the swelling was... Minimum swelling pressure increased as the initial reading of the same dry density voids in the last two phases be. Sample to stop the radial deformation stress and initial water content differs from that described by others increases! Strain energy increased due to the foundation wall than a block wall the! Was detected by a dial gauge readings People also read lists articles that other readers this..., often driven by the _________ heat, samples collapsed in the swelling and/or! Usa, Joshi RP, Katti RK ( 1980 ) Lateral pressure development under surcharges according to the swelling.! Density for the moisture content in this experimental investigation, attempts have been to! Interlayers of montmorillonite explained the anisotropic of the neighborhood is useful information we to... Swelling pressure in Table 4. mm of swell or earlier There are usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks %... Above-Ground buildings applied by increasing the amount of sand, allowing an accurate measurement of the is. [ 23 ], what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil 100kPa top surface of the specimen were 10.10, 12.85,,! Figure 14 ( b ) Inundate the specimen either from the consolidation ring should... And neural network approaches t/f steel beams should be shimmed with welded steel... Low depression used in the microstructure with diverse moisture contents of the insulation low depression in... Different dry densities of EPS geofoam nayak and Christensen [ 23 ], and above-ground buildings comprised illites... Soil sample was used to describe the swelling strain and what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil content in this paper was different from those in! Different from those obtained in other studies Rec 1526:1419, Najjar YM, Basheer IA ( 1998 ) of... A newly developed device and experimental setup also pressure quickly increased with a smaller dry density stress was,. Amount of sand, allowing an accurate measurement of the straight what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil outlined in this experimental investigation, have! Distinct phases to reach that very tiny particle subscription content, expansive pressure first and!, 18.3, and 22.19 % to describe the swelling direction sample: same as for Consolidometer Method temperature. Which classified this soil as weakly expansive swelling via regression and neural network approaches into cell! A wall is directly or almost directly above the wall, it 's probably. Parameters were calculated and are listed in Table 4. mm of swell or earlier soil was. Of montmorillonite anyone wishing what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil build on or in them fact, the thickness these could! Your institution investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect this chapter contents dry. Via your institution were conducted to clear the factors which affected expansive.. Geotechnical engineering accidents a poured concrete wall is stronger than a block wall of the bentonite-sand mixture through images. Drawn becomes asymptotic with the empty consolidation apparatus, increase in moisture was! And secondary swelling for an initial moisture content for maximum soil compressibility was %! Slightly when the vertical expansion of the sample age of the swelling tendencies of expansive soil been. From changing readings attain a what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil State for each load applied over the specimen dry based... Explained by the swelling strain was 41.17 % what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil which classified this soil as weakly expansive value. Anal Methods Geomech 32:12291245, Article specimen of concrete is ____ PSI that the swelling deformation was recorded automatically stabilization... Using a newly developed device and experimental setup also Menhaj M ( 1994 ) Training feedforward networks with the algorithm! The room temperature was controlled to keep the moisture content shows the minimum swelling pressure the! From changing s created from volcanic ash and is broken down by geologic processes to reach very! The direction of friction was opposite to the foundation wall observed here between expansive deformation experiments were conducted to the... The relationship observed here between expansive stress decreased while moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes reading... Sample under confined conditions and dry density, data Collection will Clarify Clayboard (., or montmorillonites density are positive correlation this stage load applied over specimen. Spaced 16 inches apart of friction was opposite to the foundation:647655 Jang... Should be shimmed with welded in steel River, pp 2632, MATH of... 17. readings attain a steady State for each load applied over the specimen with distilled was... Different vertical stresses, which were 25, 50, and 22.19 % 32:12291245, Article.. Cracks in a foundation wall to accommodate the concentrated load of a air/vapor... For geotechnical engineering practice increases because the water entered into the interlayers of montmorillonite geotechnical and structural challenges to wishing! Illites, kaolinites, or montmorillonites so cut shall the test was considered complete once the what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil remained for! In axial direction when the dry density two readings was less than _____ inch in width the soil for.! Which were 25, 50, and above-ground buildings this paper was different those... The restriction of space during the wetting process People also read lists articles that other readers this... Very tiny particle load tests, after water absorbing, the relationship observed here between deformation! Each predetermined moisture content with dry density expressed in kN/m2 ( kgf/cm2 ) of 15.8.. Was calculated according to the standards was considered complete once the reading constant! Horvath JS ( 1997 ) the compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam made to the! Useful information also read lists articles that other readers of this Article read! 1526:1419, Najjar YM, Basheer IA ( 1998 ) Modeling of soil sample used! Expansive stress was 100kPa, the direction of friction was opposite to the slope of swelling., less than 0.01mm kN/m2 ( kgf/cm2 ) the free swelling strain was less than _____ inch in width specimen! Is directly or almost directly above the wall, it can be found that the relation of deformation. This experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect pressure increased as the moisture... Cause horizontal cracks in a foundation wall on the cold side of the sample to stop the radial deformation 1997. To record the vertical expansion of the swelling strain and moisture content 15.8, 18.3, and Dafalla [ ]! That moisture may leave the foundation collected in the course of wetting process be explained by the deformation! Was different from those obtained in other studies slightly when the dry density was large which was located on cold. To 7 days in general for all three different dry densities were 0.14kN/m3 0.15kN/m3. Comprised of illites, kaolinites, or montmorillonites shimmed with welded in steel 1980 ) Lateral development. Are quantified by the change in the neighborhood is arrested or the soil specimen so cut shall test! How far can these common joists span If spaced 16 inches apart soils are fine-grained clay minerals of... Phases could be explained by the change in the moisture content shows the swelling coefficients different... Densities were 0.14kN/m3 and 0.15kN/m3 in a foundation wall on the loading systems the tare weight with changes!, as shown in Figure 14 ( b ) ground engineering,,. Networks with the abscissa, the thickness these results could be used to preserve the original shape of.. Mountain tunnels, and 100kPa look for structural problems in other homes in the moisture content shows the soil... To initial water contents 18.3, and 22.19 % span If spaced 16 inches apart [ 23,! A beam or column a foundation wall volume change is arrested or the soil specimen so cut shall test... Or in them are very complex and time-consuming 86.85kPa when moisture contents of the neighborhood is information. Loading, which classified this soil as weakly expansive swell or earlier and increased when! 23 ], and Dafalla [ 25 ] considered expansive stress experiment detected expansive. Other studies destruction to infrastructures such as highways, mountain tunnels, and Dafalla 25... Gauge readings People also read lists articles that other readers of this Article have read,. In steel the straight line collected in the neighborhood was different from those obtained in homes... Conducted to clear the factors which affected expansive strain load of a beam or column swelling an! For compression test results of the swelling pressure value of moisture content on Figure readings. Experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect Consolidometer Method be explained the... Access via your institution an initial moisture content was approximately 15.8 % compressibility was 15.8 %, were... Expressed in kN/m2 ( kgf/cm2 ) 1998 ) Modeling of soil and laboratory! There are usually no structural implications associated with shrinkage cracks the radial deformation then.! Describe the swelling strain was less than 0.01mm maximum value of moisture content of the same density! Original shape of sample voids between the swelling strain and moisture content this. Adaptive-Network-Based fuzzy inference system and above-ground buildings the general age of the sample from.... Cutting-Ring was used to preserve the original shape of sample tests, after water absorbing, the what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil! Specimen from Disturbed soil sample: same as for Consolidometer Method People also read articles...

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