who ran against george washington in the first election

The other candidates receiving electoral votes were George Clinton who received fifty votes, Thomas Jefferson won four votes, and Aaron Burr won one vote. The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote. The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. (d) As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York. 2022 US Constitution All rights reserved. This time, the field was narrow. The two men nearly crashed into the Channel along the way, however, as their balloon was weighed read more. Adams, with 77 votes, edged out Clinton, with 50, to retain the vice presidency. 3 (September 2006): 373-390. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. [3] Adams received 34 electoral votes, one short of a majority because the Constitution did not require an outright majority in the Electoral College prior to ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to elect a runner-up as vice president, Adams was elected to that post. Shade, William G., and Ballard C. Campbell. In 1788, fifty six year old George Washington, was chosen to be the first president of the United States of America. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2003. ISBN9780786410170. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. It was held from Friday, November 4 to Wednesday, December 7, 1796. The Iowa Journal of History and Politics 2 (1904): 3-33. He worked at Britannica from 2004 to 2018. Clinton, the Governor of New York and a former anti-Federalist leader, became the party's nominee after he won the backing of Jefferson and James Madison. A month later, on February 4,George Washington was elected president by state electors and sworn into office on April 30, 1789. First president who ran for election and won? Historian Edward J. Larsen discusses Washington's first inauguration in this video from Mount Vernon on Vimeo. He loved his life living on a large plantation on the Potomac River in Virginia. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. In an August 1788 letter, U.S. Minister to France Thomas Jefferson wrote that he considered John Adams and John Hancock, both from Massachusetts, to be the top contenders. He formed the Democratic-Republican Party along with Anti-Federalist Thomas Jefferson in 1792. This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a contingent election and the first national presidential election in American history. President before election. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot is the first incumbent in 40 years to be ousted after just one term. With 77 electoral votes, John Adams was re-elected, positioning him well enough to become Washington's presidential heir apparent. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. As a result, he became the first Vice President of the United States. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. A young but able soldier, he was inexplicably slow; and at times his hesitation allowed Washington's army to escape certain destruction. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. Ed. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Source: A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825[10], The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their Electors were chosen. In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washington was unanimously elected president of the United States. Thus, the contest for the Vice-Presidency was open. February 2011. George Washington's copy of the Acts passed at a Congress of the United States of America (New-York, 1789) contains key founding documents establishing the Union: the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and a record of acts passed by the first Congress. Print. In 1792, Washington received all 132 electoral votes, winning each of the fifteen states. This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. At that moment, the Chancellor of the State of New York, Robert Livingston, the person who administered the oath to the first chief executive, exclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States! New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. 2023 Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty. [4], Nine of the 15 states eligible to chose representatives to the electoral college did so by a vote of the state legislature; the remaining six employed some form of popular vote. Washington was supported by practically all sides throughout his presidency and gained more popularity with the passage of the Bill of Rights. [7], Source (Popular Vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825[8]. However, neither of those cities was Washington, D.C., as the seat of government did not move there until 1800. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). For example, in Massachusetts and Connecticut, the Congregational Church was established, supported by taxes. [7], Source: United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by Michael J. Dubin[8]. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. On Feb. 13, 1793, the votes were counted during a joint session of Congress. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. 1st quadrennial U.S. presidential election, 17881789 United States presidential election, New York had ratified the Constitution but its, See "Alternative methods for choosing electors" under, "17881789 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Archives and Records Administration, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "The Electoral College Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", 178889 United States House of Representatives elections, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "A Saturday Session in the First Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", United States presidential election, 1789, Presidential Election of 1789: A Resource Guide, A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 17871825, "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association, 178889 United States presidential election, Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door, General George Washington Resigning His Commission, Washington and Jefferson National Forests, WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route, Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779, United States presidential election 17881789, Massachusetts Historical Society holdings, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace, Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=17881789_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141583738, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, each elector chosen by voters statewide; however, if no candidate wins majority, state legislature appoints electors from top ten candidates, state divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, state had not yet ratified the Constitution, two electors appointed by state legislature, each remaining elector chosen by state legislature from the two most popular candidates in each U.S. House district. 12 other men were on the ballot for that first election in 1789. The vice-presidential vote split between John Adams (34), John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), and John Rutledge (6). The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. Paullin, Charles O. Of the states with complete returns, only Pennsylvania saw real partisan competition; a Federalist electoral slate pledged to Washington and Adams was selected, although one elector voted for Washington and Clinton. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. He, too, was present for the signing of the Treaty of Paris and a leading figure during the creation of the Declaration of Independence. Both North Carolina and Rhode Island were ineligible; neither had ratified the Constitution yet. Learn more about George Washington's annotated copy of The Acts of Congress - one of the prized holdings in our Library collection. Under this system, each elector cast two votes: the candidate who received the greatest number of votes (so long as they won a majority) became president, while the runner-up became vice president. At the time, party organizations were still in their infancy, and the partisan allegiance of the candidates was not always evident: it is therefore difficult to say whether the Pennsylvania vote for Clinton was an instance of a faithless elector, or an elector voting as pledged.[5][6]. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. DeSantis as a Republican primary candidate for governor in 2018 campaigned almost exclusively on his endorsement from then-President Donald Trump, who often peddled false claims and once claimed,. Fifteen states cast electoral votes in 1792: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia. "The First Elections Under The Constitution." Many were convinced by his role in politics up to that point. Federalists, backed by the great landed families and the city commercial interests, were the largest faction in the Senate, the smaller of the two chambers for which roughly a quarter of the state's free white male population was eligible to vote; but in the House of Representatives, with its larger membership and electorate, Anti-federalists representing the middling interests held the majority. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. OnMay 16 1789, Mrs. Washington and her grandchildren, Nelly and Washy, embarked on an 11-day journey through Baltimore, Philadelphia, and more. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Please select which sections you would like to print: John M. Cunningham graduated from Kalamazoo College in 2000 with a B.A. All Rights Reserved. This election was the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors, as did the newly added states of Kentucky and Vermont. The deadlock still stood on January 7, 1789, the last day for electors to be chosen by the states, and New York thus failed to appoint the eight electors allocated to it by the constitution. Our Digital Encyclopedia has all of the answers students and teachers need. The retired general said that he had "no wish which aspires beyond the humble and happy lot of living and dying a private citizen" at his Mount Vernon farm. The remainder of the votes were divided among 10 other candidates. Of those 12, the man with the highest number of votes would gain the top job, and the runner-up would take the role of vice president. For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1792. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. Washington brought the book home to Mount Vernon after retiring from the presidency in March 1797. Strange, Fun and Weird Facts about US Presidents. Washington was clad in a brown suit of American manufacture, but he wore white stockings and a sword after the fashion of European courts. The inaugural ceremony was performed on Wall Street, near the spot now marked by John Quincy Adams Wards statue of Washington. The Federalist Party threw its support behind the incumbent vice president, John Adams of Massachusetts, while the Democratic-Republican Party backed the candidacy of New York Governor George Clinton. Bibliography:Boller, Paul, Jr. Presidential Campaigns. With 77 electoral votes, John Adamswas re-elected, positioning him well enough to become Washington's presidential heir apparent. All Rights Reserved. It was just three years earlier on January 31, 1950, that Truman publicly announced that had directed the Atomic Energy read more. (2002). Learn more abouthow George Washington shaped the role and function of the President of the United States. Of the remaining candidates, only Adams, Jay, and Hancock received votes from more than one state; with 34 votes, Adams finished second behind only Washington, and by virtue of which fact was elected vice president. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Electoral College Box Scores 17891996". All Rights Reserved. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. The sitting took place on October 3, 1789, probably in the president's official residence on Cherry Street in New York. The 1796 United States presidential election was the third quadrennial presidential election of the United States. The executive function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use a parliamentary system. 19. level 2. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. North Carolina, Rhode Island, and New York abstained from the process; the former two states had not ratified the Constitution, and the latter was in the midst of an internecine legislative conflict. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. McDonald, Forrest. He was also one of the anonymous writers responsible for the Federalist Papers in the lead-up to the creation of the United States Constitution. (The previous two were the presidential elections of 1789 and 1792, in which George Washington ran without serious opposition.) On the evening of January 7, 1955, the curtain at the Metropolitan Opera in New York rises to reveal Marian Anderson, the first African American to perform with the Met. Who did George Washington run against? Watch our interview with Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy. George Washington. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Presidential candidates of the 21st century spend millions of dollars winning the endorsements of their parties and mounting nationwide campaigns. Spend the day with us! However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political climatemarked not only by the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France but also by a growing internal dispute between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that often divided along regional linesdemanded a president who could reliably maintain the young countrys stability. Carrying large and small states, northern and southern states, Washington received 132 electoral votes, one vote from each participant in the Electoral College. These men would cast their votes just under a month later, on February 4th. Then on March 4, 1793 in Philadelphia, Washington, as required by Article II of the Constitution, took the presidential oath of office for the second time. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. A new nation votes: American election Returns 1787-1825 [ 8 ] Papers! Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) scholars, by appointment.. 1793, the votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay who! N'T accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington was supported practically... Under a month later, on February 4th this is also how John Adams ended as... First of his countrymen '' elected for the Federalist Papers in the president and vice president the! Washington received all 132 electoral votes, John Adams ended up as our first vice president votes. First in peace and first in peace and first in war, in. Year, Mount Vernon after retiring from the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, programs. By his role in Politics up to that point G., and Ballard C. 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